Re: 12' jon boat won't plane with 9.8..... bigger prop??
I ran a 7.5 Merc tiller steer on a 10' Loweline Lake John which is a very large john for the dimensions, and rated for a 10 hp also. I weighed over 200# and usually had it loaded with gear. I put the 3 gallon tank aft of, and against, the front seat and the rest of the gear was between the seats (2). It ran like a scalded ape (extremely well considering) with a stock OEM prop.
We only know what you told us. You could have numerous problems besides the ones the guys put you onto.....like what are you using for fuel, is the fuel oil mix accurate,is the prop a standard 9.8 hp OEM in good shape? Does the engine rev but you go no where in trying to come out of the hole.......slipping prop hub??? Is the hull straight and free of crud like barnacles and slime? Is the engine the right shaft length for your transom height and is it mounted correctly.....anti-vent plate more or less in line with the bottom of the boat, not 5" above or below it?
Come back on this and you will probably get your problem solved....lots of talent on here.
HTH,
Mark