Re: 1983 Volvo Penta AQ125A carburetor float bowl does not get refilled at the right
The only adjustment to float level is the thickness of the washer under the float chamber fill valve. If you bend the tang (lever) on the float, you'll need to go looking for a new one because that's not how you do it on that carb. The manual calls for the 1mm thick washer but there are washers of varyng thickness in the rebuild kit. But the more important question is, why you think the problem is the float chamber level. If you haven't cleaned the carb and put in new gaskets, that's probably the best place to start.
The float chamber vent is a small hole in the top plate of the carb. If you don't know where that is, then there's no way for you to tell how much gas is in the float bowl.
As far as the accel pump diaphram, follow the VP manual directions. Don't go by the sketch that's in the solex manual, it's backwards. The spring goes into the carb body and not into the valve cover. The pin on the diaphram should face the lever and not protrude into the carb. Install the cover with the lever facing downward.
Should really soak the body in carb cleaner and make sure all of the passages are clean before you go much farther. You can pick up an aftermarket rebuild kit on ebay for around $30. After a 3-4 hour soak, I blow out all the internal passages with compressed air, clean everything in hot soapy water and then blow out all the passages again to make sure everything is clean and clear. I really think your best bet is to clean up the carb first. That's a really simple carb and is an easy job.