Re: 57 12hp Sea King
I'm not trying to discourage you in any way, but the best advice I can give you is to get your hands on a service manual. A Johnson/Evinrude manual from the same time period, or a generic outboard manual that covers that era of motor would be good.
As for knowing when to clean the carburetor, it's hard to say. If you are not comfortable disassembling/cleaning/reassembling the carb, you may be better off leaving it alone if it is running good. (wow, that wasn't very encouraging, sorry).
The good news is that if your motor is in good shape, it can be a good running dependable motor, and is fairly simple to work on.
If you feel it is required, and want to tackle it, there is a good generic link in the FAQ section
http://forums.iboats.com/showthread.php?t=244013
As a matter of fact, there are lots of good FAQ's to read there.