Re: Max psi
(everything below applies mainly to bias ply tires... It affects radials to some extent, but this is a weakness of bias)
The idea is to maintain the sidewall and contact area. The max PSI rating is designed so the contact patch and sidewall deflection are ideal at max loading. If you have 1/4 of the max weight and inflate to max psi, your sidewall won't be deflected much, and your contact patch is going to be tiny. (ie, its actually a very dangerous condition with very little lateral traction)
I'm not advocating that for 1/4 load, you run 1/4 of max pressure. It is NOT a linear scale. But if you have a tire that is rated for 1000 pounds at 90 psi, you can run 70 psi if you have 250 pounds on it with zero issue. And yes, some manufacturers will just say run max psi no matter what, simply because you won't get sued from an ill-handling trailer.
(something else to keep in mind, wheels often have a max PSI, and if you have a tire rated for 90 psi, there is a chance the wheel is not rated for that... You NEVER exceed the wheel rating, no matter what.)