Re: How long is my boat good for before I need to sand again?
If you could ensure that no contaminate ever touched the surface, then yes it would be good to go next year, or decades for that matter.
The problem is there are contaminates everywhere, just the pollution in the air will deposit gunk on the surface which will affect the bond.
The best thing to do is wait and do all the sanding next year, a solvent wash would help, but you would need to use different solvents to remove different contaminates and you don't really know what?s on the surface.
The first time I did a major refinish near an airport I did all of the sanding one day (3 people sanding for 10 hours) and the next morning when we arrived the entire surface was covered with a dark haze. It was from the stuff in the jet exhaust settling on the surface. We had to cover it, clean it, re-sand it, then spray it.