Re: Merc 115 dog cluth or prop?
The engagement 'dogs' on the forward gear and shift slider are 'ramped' so they act as a one-way clutch allowing the motor to turn the prop shaft but when the prop shaft attempts to turn the motor the dogs 'cam' up and over into the next step, ratcheting, so to speak.
Reverse gear and the reverse gear side of the shift slider, the 'dogs' are straight cut, and positively lock.
This should help you understand why when you turn the prop in Forward gear, it will only turn one way, and ratchet the other.
Your problem with the motor revving but no, or little forward thrust is classic of a 'spun hub'. The rubber 'shock' hub between the prop and the prop splined hub, is slipping under power. It may hold sufficient that you cannot turn it by hand, but when you throttle up and start putting serious load, horsepower, against it, it then fails, the hub then spins 'inside' of the prop.
The easiest test is to draw a straight line across the prop and hub, run it briefly (in the water) then look to see if your line still lines up.
Once you see that it has spun, take the prop to a prop shop, they will press out the old hub and press in a new one, usually far cheaper than replacing your prop.