Re: Rectifier broken; need battery to run engine all day?
Lakefish,
Yes, the starter system is independent of the rest of the engine. If you wanted to, you could remove it from the motor and (except for arm exercise), all would be as usual. Likewise, after starting, you could disconnect the battery, and the motor would continue to run.
The ignition is magneto-driven... That is, precisely as Elvin noted, the magnets in the flywheel generate power in the exciter as they fly past. Just like a mini power generating station. This system is used in all sorts of small motors, from chain saws, to lawn mowers, to motorcycles... was even used on some dragsters and bracket racers way back when.
The same principle (though on a different circuit, the white and yellow wires) is used to generate battery charging current -- the magnets flying past the alternator coil generates that power. But the battery requires DC, hence the rectifier, to turn alternator AC into battery-charging DC. HTH.