Re: thru-hull drain fitting
most likely the hole in the hull 2' in front of the transom is the intake for the live well (and wash down if you have it) and not the drain, but for your purposes it doesn't matter. I understand your wanting the peace of mind by plugging it if you don't use it, and sea cocks fail (often crack from trapped water there in freezing weather).
My hull intake is covered with a sort of screen or protector; I suppose I could put a fiberglas patch over it. For extra safety, don't unhook anything inside. Double the hose clamps.
it's better to go from the inside. Are you sure there's no deck hatch? Can you lift the floor section up?
See if you can also find the drain for the livewell (or if your hole is truly the drain, find the intake) to see if it needs attention. On many boats (like one of mine) the intake is under water and the drain above water for the livewell, but on another, the intake and drain are both through the transom, vertical surface but below the water line.