Electrical Contactors

SS MAYFLOAT

Admiral
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May 17, 2001
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Please note that not all contactors even though may have the same specs, are different.

A couple of years ago, I changed all the contactors on 5 HVAC John Zink units that are electric heat. I replaced them with 3 pole - 40amp - 24volt Copeland brand contactors. I went by recommendations from other service techs about their dependability. Shortly afterwards, I had problems with the low voltage transformers tripping their breaker. I would check each contactor to see which ones were shorted. Would never find any shorts. I'd reset the unit and it would be fine for a couple of days and then trip out again.

Last friday, I got called as the front of the store was at 50*F. All 3 dining room units were tripped out. Outside was 15*F with 30mph winds with blowing snow. Wind chill was -5*F. After 3 hours of trying to find all the problems, I got all 3 going on only one stage of heat only by unhooking the second stage heat.

I go back to my supplier and ask what is up with these contactors. All I was told was "They should work, that is what those units call for. So, I pick up 5 Honeywell contactors and install them. I hook up all the stages. First stage kicked in without any problem. However when the second stage went to kick in, the contactors tried to pull in, but wasn't able to.

I then decided to check the resistance on the coils. The Copelands coil read 4.2 ohms and the Honeywells read 5.0. I leave the store and go to another distributor (RSC) with my meter in hand. Their brand is Totaline which is a Carrier company. I opened up their contactors and measured the coils that read 7.2 ohms. Oh yes, these are the ones I need. I replaced all of the contactors with this brand and now the HVAC units are working excellent. The amp draw on the low voltage transformer is about 35% less than what I had put in several years ago.

My school boy assitant argued with me that it had to be something else causing the excessive load. I let him spend 8 hours yesterday figuring it out with no luck.

BTW, I had an old Honeywell contactor on my truck that said "Made in the USA". The coil on that one read 7.4 ohms. The Copelands, Honeywells, and Totalines are made in China. Go Figure:facepalm:
 

bigdee

Commander
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Re: Electrical Contactors

What is the VA rating of the 24 vac transformer? The ohms law doesn't mean much on an inductive load
 

SS MAYFLOAT

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Re: Electrical Contactors

These units have 2 75va transformers. I went to a place that engineers control panels for various industrial equipment. The engineer there is who clued me in on comparing the resistance draw of the coils of the contactors. He explained that the lower the ohms means it is closer to a short out condition.

Its like putting 2 8ohm speakers in parallel which drops the ohms to 4 ohms which on some audio equipment will short out the amplifier.

I know in the last 8 or so years, I'm replacing more of the newer made contactors from failure than replacing original contactors that are over 10 years old. I've been doing service work for over 30 years and I must say that the new stuff is very poor quality.

I have had my distributor order in a couple of higher quality contactors that have extended cycle life. Still not sure if these will be any better when it comes down to the coils. Have to wait and see.
 

joed

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Re: Electrical Contactors

The lower resistance would be a higher current draw although it is not as direct relation in AC as DC. Did the coils have a current draw rating?
 

bigdee

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Re: Electrical Contactors

Sounds like these are some beefy contactors....a normal 24 vac contactor for that applications should pull about 10-15 va...(yours is probably around 30va) how many contactors are controlled by the 75va transformer? I would either look for a contactor with less coil current or replace the 75 va transformers with 150 va.

Describe the contactor,model,number of poles, aux contacts etc. and I will recommend one that will work for you and at a good price too. I used to design electrical controls and panels for industrial equipment including HVAC.
 

hrdwrkingacguy

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Re: Electrical Contactors

There is something else going on there besides bad contactor brands or where they are made...If you plug a transformer directly to power and plug a contactor strait to the secondary side and the amp draw is high like .5a to .75a then I could see what you are saying...I doubt that is going on though...

I have techs that tell me "The thermostat is bad, and when I changed it out the new one was also bad.." That is code for there is a problem that he missed...:eek:
 

bigdee

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Re: Electrical Contactors

There is something else going on there besides bad contactor brands or where they are made...If you plug a transformer directly to power and plug a contactor strait to the secondary side and the amp draw is high like .5a to .75a then I could see what you are saying...I doubt that is going on though...

I have techs that tell me "The thermostat is bad, and when I changed it out the new one was also bad.." That is code for there is a problem that he missed...:eek:

I agree with hrdwrkingacguy.....that transformer is most likely supplying other loads unless there is a bunch of contactors. The average coil draw for a 40 amp contactor is around 10va. Check your wiring diagrams.
 

hrdwrkingacguy

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Messages
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Re: Electrical Contactors

The Copelands coil read 4.2 ohms and the Honeywells read 5.0. I leave the store and go to another distributor (RSC) with my meter in hand. Their brand is Totaline which is a Carrier company. I opened up their contactors and measured the coils that read 7.2 ohms. Oh yes, these are the ones I need.

At 24v 4ohm resistance is 6amps, at 24v 7ohm resistance is 3.4a...Either way something is wrong those should read 100 to 150ohms to be right...I will check a few of the mars ones that I use to make sure i am giving correct info...If what your saying is accurate you would need a 100va xmfr for each contactor in the unit...:eek:
 

bigdee

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Re: Electrical Contactors

At 24v 4ohm resistance is 6amps, at 24v 7ohm resistance is 3.4a...Either way something is wrong those should read 100 to 150ohms to be right...I will check a few of the mars ones that I use to make sure i am giving correct info...If what your saying is accurate you would need a 100va xmfr for each contactor in the unit...:eek:


You cannot use ohm's law on inductive circuits. 4 to 7 ohms is the normal resistance of a 24 vac coil on a 40 amp contactor....trust me I used to design and engineer control panels...forget ohm's law,it does not apply in this case.
 

hrdwrkingacguy

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Messages
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Re: Electrical Contactors

You know I posted that this morning at 5:30am before work and when I was pulling out of my driveway I realized I needed to pull my head out of my backside...I spent most of the afternoon hoping I could get home to take back what I said...I obviously failed...The issue the op talked about(at least in my opinion) is more about voltage drop and the number of relay coils attached to each xmfr...

As a tech that works on this stuff all the time, I take for granted why stuff works and I just use what does work...I use mars or furnas(no longer in existence) relays and contactors and never think twice about them...:eek:
 

bigdee

Commander
Joined
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Messages
2,667
Re: Electrical Contactors

You know I posted that this morning at 5:30am before work and when I was pulling out of my driveway I realized I needed to pull my head out of my backside...I spent most of the afternoon hoping I could get home to take back what I said...I obviously failed...The issue the op talked about(at least in my opinion) is more about voltage drop and the number of relay coils attached to each xmfr...

As a tech that works on this stuff all the time, I take for granted why stuff works and I just use what does work...I use mars or furnas(no longer in existence) relays and contactors and never think twice about them...:eek:

Ah, I too have the am dazed and dull syndrone...I try not to talk to anyone during that time of day except to the the coffee pot.
 
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